Abstract
A total of 200 Egyptian buffalo calves aging between 9-11 months previously vaccinated with local trivalent oil inactivated vaccine (O, A and SAT-2), in different locations at Menufyia Governorate showing typical clinical signs of FMD were examined for molecular characterization of FMD virus, electrocardiographic picture (ECG) and cardiac biomarkers. The results of serological tests revealed that incidence of non-structural proteins against natural infection with FMDV was 31.5% in serum samples collected from vaccinated buffalo calves. Moreover, 51.5 % of the samples showed detection of structural proteins against trivalent vaccination. On the other hand, there were no protective antibodies against FMDV in 17 % of the examined samples. ECG of FMD infected calves showed ventricular premature depolarization with flattening of P- wave and increased QRS duration with decrease in its amplitude compared with healthy calves. In FMD infected buffalo calves, there were significant (P < 0.01) increases in (cTnI), (CK-MB), urea, CL and K and there was significant (P < 0.01) decrease in Na levels than that of healthy ones. The identified strains in FMD infected Egyptian buffalo calves were unique and different from the vaccinal and other Egyptian strains as well as they were clustered with Topotype ME-SA. Cardiac enzymes along with ECG can be used as useful prognostic tools in FMD infected Egyptian buffalo calves.
Highlights
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important livestock disease of cloven-hoofed animals resulting in drastic direct economic impact including high mortality and severe productivity losses, in addition to indirect losses through importation restriction from endemic localities (Arzt et al, 2011)
The aim of this study was focused on the molecular characterization of FMD virus, electrocardiographic picture and evaluation of some cardiac biomarkers in FMD infected Egyptian buffalo calves
electrocardiographic picture (ECG) examination FMD infected buffalo calves were examined by base apex lead system II was applied as; the right forelimb electrode was placed on the right side of the neck along the jugular groove one third of the way up the neck
Summary
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important livestock disease of cloven-hoofed animals resulting in drastic direct economic impact including high mortality and severe productivity losses, in addition to indirect losses through importation restriction from endemic localities (Arzt et al, 2011). FMD is a contagious disease and highly transmissible, a limited number of infective particles can initiate host infection. Contaminated animal products, agricultural tools, people, vehicles, and airborne transmission can contribute to the mechanical dissemination of FMD virus with higher incidence in cold seasons than others (Longjam et al, 2011). The P1 region encodes leader proteinase (Lpro) and structural proteins 1A (VP4), 1B (VP2), 1C (VP3), and 1D (VP1). The P2 region encodes non– structural proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C, while P3 region encodes 3A, 3B (VPg), 3C protease and 3D polymerase (Bergmann et al, 2003; Carrillo et al, 2005; Lim et al, 2005)
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