Abstract
The cell envelope serves as the front-line to both defence and pathogenicity in bacteria. Critical protein assemblies are required to mature, localise and assemble proteins, oligosaccharides and lipids around the cell. These enable protection against antibiotics, phages and toxins, and modulate cell structure and shape. Gram-negative bacteria contain two membrane layers. The outer membrane (OM) layer is comprised of an inner leaflet of phospholipids and an outer leaflet of a complex lipid-linked oligosaccharide, otherwise known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
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