Molecular Scale Growth of Electrolytic Copper Foils

Abstract

The electrolytic copper foils were found to grow with lateral growth of macro steps on the (100)Cu single copper crystal of the f.c.c. structure. The copper foils with geratin additive have the (111) orientation and have the triangular pyramidal morphology. With chloride only and geratin and chloride, the crystal have (110) orientation and pyramidal morphology. Both of these crystals grow with the lateral growth of macro steps on the (100) surfaces. Smooth electrolytic copper foil used for the Lithium-ion battery is formed with additives of chloride, MPS and DDAC. The crystal refinement occurs and about 0.1μmin diameter crystals form. The additives of chloride, MPS and DDAC increase their nucleation sites.