Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between spoligotypes of M. bovis from cattle in Mexico and those reported in countries with free trade of cattle with Mexico: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America. Mexican spoligotypes were obtained from isolates collected from cattle in different parts of the country. Spoligotypes from Canada and New Zealand were obtained from different reports in the literature. Those from the United States were obtained from the database of the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in APHIS-USDA. In order to perform the analysis in a single data set, spoligotypes were all converted to binary data and classified according to www.mbovis.org or www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr:8081. Epidemiologic information included country and species infected. From 3,198 isolates, 174 different spoligotypes were obtained, 95 were orphans. Ninety one percent of the isolates came from the Unites States (n = 1,609) and Mexico (n = 1,323). Spoligotype SB0265 is shared between Canada and the United States in cattle and wildlife. Six spoligotypes, SB0673, SB0121, SB0145, SB0971, SB0140 and SB1165, were frequent in cattle and wildlife in the United States and cattle in Mexico, suggesting wide exchange of strains. Spoligotype SB0669 was found only in Mexico. Spoligotype SB0140 was the most common in Australia and the sixth in the United States and Mexico. In a phylogenetic analysis, spoligotype SB0140 appears as the oldest spoligotype in the data set, suggesting this as the ancestral spoligotype for all spoligotypes in the five countries. Some spoligotypes are shared by animals and humans, corroborating the zoonotic importance of M. bovis.
Highlights
Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and a risk to public health [1]
One-thousand three-hundred and twenty-three M. bovis isolates obtained between 2003 and 2010 from cattle from different regions of Mexico were included in the study: 269 came from banks of isolates in regional TB-diagnostic laboratories around the country, and 1,054 were obtained by culturing TB-suspicious lesions collected at slaughterhouses and some from reports in the literature
The relationship of M. bovis strains from countries with long history of cattle exchange has been searched in order to better understand the role of commercial activities in the dissemination of TB
Summary
Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and a risk to public health [1]. The proportion of cases due to M. bovis in humans has been estimated in 0.5% to 7.2% [2, 3]. Relationship of M. bovis Strains from Cattle bovis is responsible for severe damage to the livestock and wildlife industries. Eradicating M. bovis from cattle and wildlife is of significant importance to reduce risk to public health, to protect the livestock industry, and encourage the international trade of animals and animals’ products between countries [4]
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