Abstract
Glycine receptors are anion-selective channels supporting rapid synaptic transmission in vertebrate central nervous systems. Along with acetylcholine, nicotine, GABAA, and serotonin (5-HT3R) receptors, glycine receptors are members of the cys-loop pentameric ligand-sensitive receptor family. One β and four α subunits have been cloned from various species. Because of their specific distribution and molecular functional features, they perform a variety of physiological functions – from controlling motor activity through regulating neuron differentiation to processing sensory information and modulating pain sensitivity. The aim of the present review was to assess the overall picture formed by many years of studies of glycine receptors, briefly presenting the main functions of these transmembrane proteins, their distribution, and their molecular organization. Particular attention is focused on results of recent studies of the molecular physiology of these receptors, explaining how amino acids and molecular domains are responsible for modulating the receptors and how impairments to their functions lead to pathological sequelae.
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