Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology of Amphisphaeria (= Lepteutypa) (Amphisphaeriaceae).

Milan C Samarakoon,Jian-Kui (Jack) Liu,Itthayakorn Promputtha,Kevin D Hyde,Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura,Marc Stadler

doi:10.3390/jof6030174

Abstract

Amphisphaeriaceous taxa (fungi) are saprobes on decaying wood in terrestrial, mangrove, and freshwater habitats. The generic boundaries of the family have traditionally been based on morphology, and the delimitation of genera has always been challenging. Amphisphaeria species have clypeate ascomata and 1-septate ascospores and a coelomycetous asexual morph. Lepteutypa is different from Amphisphaeria in having eutypoid stromata and more than 1-septate ascospores. These main characters have been used for segregation of Lepteutypa from Amphisphaeria for a long time. However, the above characters are overlapping among Amphisphaeria and Lepteutypa species. Therefore, here we synonymized Lepteutypa under Amphisphaeria based on holomorphic morphology and multigene phylogeny. Further, our cluster analysis reveals the relationship between seven morphological traits among Amphisphaeria/Lepteutypa species and suggests those morphologies are not specific to either genus. Three new species (i.e., Amphisphaeria camelliae, A. curvaticonidia, and A. micheliae) are introduced based on morphology and LSU-ITS-RPB2-TUB2 phylogenies. Furthermore, the monotypic genus Trochilispora, which had been accepted in Amphisphaeriaceae, is revisited and synonymized under Hymenopleella and placed in Sporocadaceae.

Highlights

Amphisphaeria, the type genus of Amphisphaeriaceae, was introduced by Cesati and De Notaris [1].Amphisphaeria has immersed, clypeate, globose, periphysate ostiolate ascomata; visible as raised, blackened, circular dots on the host surface; and several peridial layers with inner hyaline and outer brown cells; filamentous, septate, flexuous paraphyses; 8-spored, cylindrical asci with J+ orJ−, discoid, tubular or wedge-shaped apical ring; and 1-septate, ellipsoidal, brown ascospores [1,2].The coelomycetous asexual morph has solitary or aggregated, globose, dark brown conidiomata withJ
As part of our continuous studies on inconspicuous xylariaceous taxa from China and Thailand, we introduce three novel taxa which are associated with senescent plant substrates
We follow large subunit rDNA (LSU)-internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-RPB2-TUB2 to show the relationship among related taxa here (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Amphisphaeria, the type genus of Amphisphaeriaceae, was introduced by Cesati and De Notaris [1]. Amphisphaeria has immersed, clypeate, globose, periphysate ostiolate ascomata; visible as raised, blackened, circular dots on the host surface; and several peridial layers with inner hyaline and outer brown cells; filamentous, septate, flexuous paraphyses; 8-spored, cylindrical asci with J+ or. J−, discoid, tubular or wedge-shaped apical ring; and 1-septate, ellipsoidal, brown ascospores [1,2]. The coelomycetous asexual morph has solitary or aggregated, globose, dark brown conidiomata with. J. Fungi 2020, 6, 174; doi:10.3390/jof6030174 www.mdpi.com/journal/jof. J. Fungi 2020, 6, 174 a thick-walled peridium, septate, branched, hyaline conidiophores, elongated, conical, thin-walled, septate, hyaline, annellidic conidiogenous cells and hyaline, elongate-fusiform, 1-celled, smooth-walled conidia [3]. Wang et al [2] revised Amphisphaeria based on herbarium specimens and accepted 12 species

Methods

Results

Conclusion