Abstract
Freshwater mussels belonging to the genus Nodularia (Family Unionidae) are known to be widely distributed in East Asia. Although phylogenetic and population genetic studies have been performed for these species, there still remain unresolved questions in their taxonomic status and biogeographic distribution pathways. Here, the nucleotide sequences of CO1 and 16S rRNA were newly determined from 86 N. douglasiae and 83 N. breviconcha individuals collected on the Korean Peninsula. Based on these data, we revealed the following results: (1) N. douglasiae can be divided into the three genetic clades of A (only found in Korean Peninsula), B (widely distributed in East Asia), and C (only found in the west of China and Russia), (2) the clade A is not an independent species but a concrete member of N. douglasiae given the lack of genetic differences between the clades A and B, and (3) N. breviconcha is not a subspecies of N. douglasiae but an independent species apart from N. douglasiae. In addition, we suggested the plausible scenarios of biogeographic distribution events and demographic history of Nodularia species.
Highlights
Freshwater mussels belonging to the genus Nodularia (Family Unionidae) are known to be widely distributed in East Asia
Extensive sampling was performed in populations BH, GM, and Nakdong River (ND) of N. douglasiae, and in populations BH and NH of N. breviconcha
This study was designed to provide a taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the species in the genus Nodularia distributed throughout northeastern Asia (Beringia, Amur-Korea, Japan-Skalin, and Eastern China) with a focus on N. douglasiae and N. breviconcha
Summary
Freshwater mussels belonging to the genus Nodularia (Family Unionidae) are known to be widely distributed in East Asia. Regarding the taxonomic status of N. douglasiae, Lopes-Lima et al.[10] recently suggested that South Korean N. douglasiae should be divided into two species of N. douglasiae and Nodularia sp.[1] based on CO1 sequence difference They attempted a sophisticated phylogeographic analysis on Nodularia, their study was not based on extensive sampling and population structure of N. douglasiae inhabiting the Korean Peninsula. The detailed population genetic structure of N. douglasiae in the Korean Peninsula should be uncovered with abundant sample collections, given that this peninsula would have been the most important intermediate link in shaping the contemporary distribution of this genus around the East Asia
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