Abstract
Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1-ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.
Highlights
Plants develop and grow mainly post-embryonically, forming two types of organs; organs such as roots with an indeterminate growth and a theoretical unlimited growth potential, and organs such as leaves and flowers with a determinate growth and a fixed final size (Tsukaya, 2003; Rodriguez et al, 2014)
R In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), leaves grow through cell proliferation and cell c expansion, two highly interconnected developmental processes, which are partially s overlapping during leaf development (Kheibarshekan Asl et al, 2011; Gonzalez et al, 2012). u Leaves are initiated by a group of founder cells emerging at the flanks of the shoot apical n meristem (Reinhardt et al, 2000; Efroni et al, 2010; Kalve et al, 2014)
We describe current advances in Arabidopsis leaf growth regulation mainly focusing on six gene regulatory modules involved in cell proliferation: DA1-EOD1, GRF-GIF, SWI/SNF, GA-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD
Summary
Plants develop and grow mainly post-embryonically, forming two types of organs; organs such as roots with an indeterminate growth and a theoretical unlimited growth potential, and organs such as leaves and flowers with a determinate growth and a fixed final size (Tsukaya, 2003; Rodriguez et al, 2014). We describe current advances in Arabidopsis leaf growth regulation mainly focusing on six gene regulatory modules involved in cell proliferation: DA1-EOD1, GRF-GIF, SWI/SNF, GA-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
