Abstract
This review is focused on molecular momentum transport at fluid-solid interfaces mainly related to microfluidics and nanofluidics in micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). This broad subject covers molecular dynamics behaviors, boundary conditions, molecular momentum accommodations, theoretical and phenomenological models in terms of gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces affected by various physical factors, such as fluid and solid species, surface roughness, surface patterns, wettability, temperature, pressure, fluid viscosity and polarity. This review offers an overview of the major achievements, including experiments, theories and molecular dynamics simulations, in the field with particular emphasis on the effects on microfluidics and nanofluidics in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In Section 1 we present a brief introduction on the backgrounds, history and concepts. Sections 2 and 3 are focused on molecular momentum transport at gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces, respectively. Summary and conclusions are finally presented in Section 4.
Highlights
As predicted by the famous lecture “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” delivered by Richard P
The residence time of the beads as a function of the confinement gives whether there is a boundary slip or not since tracer dynamics is affected by confinement, and this dependence reflects the hydrodynamic boundary conditions that apply on the solid substrates
The lattice Boltzmann method [266,267,268,269,270] and the atomistic-continuum hybrid simulations [271,272,273,274,275,276,277] have been extended to investigate liquid nanoflows and wetting problems in recent years, we focus on only the studies by molecular dynamics simulations here
Summary
As predicted by the famous lecture “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” delivered by Richard P. The large surface to volume ratio for MEMS and NEMS devices enables factors related to surface effects to dominate the fluid flow physics at micrometer to nanometer scales [13,14,17,19,21]. Molecular behaviors at fluid-solid interfaces will play a dominant role in micro-/nanoscale mass, momentum and energy transports. H where Re is the Reynolds number [24] It indicates that the effect of the boundary slip on the friction mainly depends on the ratio of the slip length to the characteristic length of the flow system. The slip effect at fluidsolid interfaces on the friction can be ignored for macroscopic flows It becomes very important for the micro-/nanoscale flows as the characteristic length decreases. The present review, as a beneficial complement, covers molecular momentum transport at both gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces, includes more recent achievements, and especially puts more emphasis on molecular behaviors near fluid-solid interfaces
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