Abstract
AbstractRapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. There are many reports about complementary, synergistic and overlapping functions of NO and ROS in the defence responses. Recent advances provide the molecular mechanisms of NO and oxidative bursts in the defence responses. NOA1 (NO ASSOCIATED1; formerly named NOS1) and membrane-bound NADPH oxidase are believed to participate in the radical burst. Here we describe that two mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induction of NADPH oxidase at the transcriptional level in Nicotiana benthamiana. On the other hand, NOA1-mediated NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Furthermore, we discuss the activation of NADPH oxidase by the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) through the direct phosphorylation of its N-terminal region.
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