Molecular mechanisms of the lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis in the apoptosis of cancer cells - A review on its Current Status in different cancer cell lines

Abstract

Cancer treatment is an economic burden because of the very expensive drugs which depend on improvement in modern technology. Furthermore, the rate of success of cancer treatments is not actually satisfying. Several experimental investigations are going on the alternative therapeutics directed at lessening the undesirable effects of medications enhancing the patient's survival rates. Bacillus subtilis has the ability to produce different stable bioactive molecules over a wide range of temperature, pH, and enzymes. The lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis have significant potential to inhibit different tumor cell lines such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer. Lipopeptides have interacted with the cancer cell cycle regulation by influencing the cell cycle checkpoints, regulatory proteins, and signaling pathways and interfere with the downstream signaling. This review gives an overview of the potential bioactive compounds from the Bacillus subtilis that efficiently treat various cancer cell lines through apoptosis, paraptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, this review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanism of lipopetides like iturin, surfactin, and fengycin from Bacillus subtilis to treat several cancer types by influencing the cell cycle checkpoints, regulatory proteins, and signaling pathways.