Abstract
Salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens which are able to enter into non-phagocytic cells as an essential step in their pathogenic life cycle. The majority of the molecular determinants involved in this entry process are encoded in a pathogenicity island located at the centisome 63 of the bacterial chromosome, and belong to a specialized protein secretion system termed "type III" or "contact-dependent". This secretion system is used by Salmonella spp. and several other bacterial pathogens to translocate bacterial effector proteins into the eukaryotic cell. Thus, a bidirectional biochemical cross-talk with the host cell is initiated, which leads to several responses such as membrane ruffling, bacterial internalization and the activation of various transcription factors.
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