Molecular Mechanisms of Relationship Between Blood Plasma Beta-globulins and Protein Markers of Renal and Bladder Cancer

Abstract

The aim of the investigation was to enhance the screening diagnosis of epithelial tissue malignant tumors, the molecular relationship between blood plasma protein fractions, and carcinogenesis tissue markers in renal and bladder cancer. Blood plasma of 87 cancer patients, not previously subjected to antitumor treatment, and 9 patients with psoriasis was studied. Blood plasma of 52 healthy people was used as control. Biochemical parameters were evaluated on the analyzer “KoneLab 20 / 20i” (Finland). Statistical analysis was performed using the software Statistica 6.0. Network construction of protein-protein interactions was performed by means of Cytoscape software, using databases STRING, BioGrid, SwissPro. It has been shown that in patients with malignant tumors of epithelial tissues, compared to the control group (healthy people), albumin and β-globulins levels were significantly reduced and α1-globulin and γ-globulins were increased. Comparison of protein fractions in cancer and psoriasis patients showed the most expressed differences for β-globulin fraction; their level was increased in psoriasis, and, conversely, decreased in cancer, with a significant reduction, starting from the early stages of cancer. Tissue markers common to renal and bladder cancer were discovered, and they were, dynamin 2 (DNM2), tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma polypeptide (YWHAG), plasminogen receptor, C-terminal lysine transmembrane protein (PLGRKT), cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2), glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GLUD1), and antigen-presenting proteins (CD1a, CD1b). Analysis of the relationship between individual blood plasma β-globulin proteins and identified tissue markers showed the greatest number of protein-protein interactions for proteins with reduced level in malignant tumors: transferrin had 11-interactor proteins, as well as angiostatin had only 4. The involvement of protein markers interacting with individual proteins of blood plasma β-globulin fractions in the signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation was shown. Changes in the content of β-globulins of blood plasma in malignant tumors of epithelial tissues, including renal and epithelial cancer are suggested to be considered as specific pathogenic criteria and serve as an additional diagnostic feature.