Molecular mechanisms of induction and acceleration of autoimmunity by microorganisms

E P Kiseleva,K I Mikhailopulo,N F Soroka,G I Novik

doi:10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-1-99-113

Abstract

Infectious agents are well-known ecological factors inducing/accelerating human autoimmune diseases. Host infection by a pathogen can lead to autoimmunity via multiple mechanisms: molecular mimicry; epitope spreading and presentation of cryptic epitopes of self-antigen owing to lysis of self-tissue by persisting pathogen or immune cells; bystander activation, adjuvant effect of pathogens as a result of non-specific activation of immune system; polyclonal activation of B-cells by chronic infection; activation of T-cells by bacterial superantigens. Infectious agents and nonpathogenic microorganisms can also protect from autoimmune diseases via activation of regulatory T-cells and displacement of balance between two classes of T helper cells in favor of Th2. This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Institute of Bioorganic Сhemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

Highlights

Инфекционные агенты являются наиболее известными экологическими факторами, провоцирующими и модулирующими аутоиммунные заболевания
Host infection by a pathogen can lead to autoimmunity via multiple mechanisms: molecular mimicry; epitope spreading and presentation of cryptic epitopes of self-antigen owing to lysis of self-tissue by persisting pathogen or immune cells; bystander activation, adjuvant effect of pathogens as a result of non-specific activation of immune system; polyclonal activation of B-cells by chronic infection; activation of T-cells by bacterial superantigens
Infectious agents and nonpathogenic microorganisms can protect from autoimmune diseases via activation of regulatory T-cells and displacement of balance between two classes of T helper cells in favor of Th2

Summary

Метод проверки Method of verification

A pathogen should be associated with the initiation of AD встречаемости АЗ в группе лиц после инфекционного заболевания и в группе здоровых доноров. У 26% больных с диагнозом: миелорадикулополиневрит отмечено предшествующее инфекционное заболевание, вызванное Campylobacter jejuni; в группе лиц той же возрастной группы без указанного АЗ ранее инфицировано не более 1% [28]. Statistical data regarded as epidemiological evidence linking infectious diseases and further development of AD are obtained by comparing AD incidence in a group of patients who developed AD after an infectious disease with AD incidence in a group of healthy donors. Preceding infection with Campylobacter jejuni was reported in 26% of patients with demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, as compared with < 1% of age-matched controls [28]

Патоген должен вызвать

Аутоиммунный тиреоидит Autoimmune thyroiditis

Trypanosoma cruzi

Findings

Leishmania major