Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible pathology in which there is a continuous neurodegeneration process, clinically characterized by decreased cognition, memory and behavior alterations. Currently, the mechanisms behind AD progression are more clear, redefining it as a multifactorial disease on which aging, genetics,metabolism and environment play an important role on the onset. The complex molecular mechanisms interplay and generate a state of inflammation.Thus, creating neurodegeneration. Objectives: This review focuses on recopilating and describing the molecular mechanism behind neurodegeneration in AD. Furthermore, the relation between risk factors and the mechanism will be encompassed. Methods: A bibliographical review was carried out. Databases such as Pubmed, MDPI,sciencedirect, Termidia publishing house, scielo and the National institute of aging were used. Articles in English and Spanish between 2004 and 2023 were included. The keywords used were:Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, beta-amyloid, tau protein, neuroinflammation, cognitive disorder, tangles, biomarkers. Results and discussion: Millions of people are exposed to multiple risk factors for AD. In every one of them, there are molecular mechanisms involved, which will eventually lead to AD´s main pathological changes, Beta amyloid deposition and tau pathology, causing neurodegeneration. Conclusions: Alzheimer's disease is an international public health problem that is affecting the lives of millions of people.To address this, we have to fully understand the molecular base of its development, in order to approach new treatments.