Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a metabolic disorder that arises from the increasing prevalence of obesity. The pathophysiology seems to be largely attributable to the imbalance of lipid and glucose metabolism, redox signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. The increased syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease demands natural therapeutic attention for those at high risk. Vine tea, as a traditional medicinal and edible resource rich in flavonoids, especially for dihydromyricetin (DHM), exhibits promising health benefits on the intervention of MS, but the specific molecular mechanism has not been systematically elucidated. The present article aims to summarize the regulatory effects and biological targets of vine tea or DHM on MS, and analyze the underlying potential molecular mechanisms in cells, animals, and humans, mainly by regulating the redox associated signaling pathways, such as Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/IRS2/AKT, AMPK-PGC1α-SIRT1, SIRT3 pathways, and the crosstalk among them, and by targeting several key biomarkers. Moreover, vine tea extract or DHM has a positive impact on the modulation of intestinal microecology by upregulating the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Therefore, this review updated the latest important theoretical basis and molecular evidence for the development and application of vine tea in dietary functional products or drugs against MS and also imputed the future perspectives to clarify the deep mechanism among vine tea or DHM, redox associated signaling pathways, and gut microbiota.
Highlights
Vine tea, known as “Mei” tea, is the tender stem and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, a plant of the Vitis family
It would be interesting to discuss the intervention mechanism of metabolic syndrome (MS) by combining the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathway with insulin resistance and adipose cell browning in the future
Vine tea species should be clarified when used as raw material for functional food development due to the huge variation of DHM content among the species
Summary
Known as “Mei” tea, is the tender stem and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, a plant of the Vitis family. The level of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can be increased with the decrease of F/B values in insulin resistant mice [20] These results suggest that vine tea and its extracts can interfere with MS by regulating the abundance and composition of gut microbes. This article documented the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of vine tea and its main functional component DHM in the human body, and their intervention effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and the potential molecular mechanism in animals and human studies were summarized, aiming to provide a reliable theoretical basis for in-depth research and development of vine tea and DHM in functional food and clinical application of human body. Studies showed that the DHM content in vine tea is about 21.86% under the conditions of 90◦C, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 with the extraction time of 120 min [27]. 37.5, 75, 150, 300 μM 1*10−2-1*10−5 μM 5, 10, 20, 40 μM 1, 3, 10 μM 15 μM 37.5, 75, 150, 300 μM
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