Abstract
Allotriploid poplar has a prominent vegetative growth advantage that impacts dramatically on lumber yield. The growth regulation is complex which involves abundant genes, metabolic and signaling pathways, while the information about the functional control process is very little. We used high-throughput sequencing and physiological index measurement to obtain a global overview of differences between allotriploid and diploid Populus. The genes related to plant growth advantage show a higher expression compared to diploid, and most of them are revolved around hormones, photosynthesis and product accumulation. Thus, allotriploid Populus showed more efficient photosynthesis, carbon fixation, sucrose and starch synthesis, and metabolism as well as augmented biosynthesis of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin. These data enable the connection of metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and specific gene activity, which will underpin the development of network models to elucidate the process of triploid Populus advantage growth.
Highlights
Polyploid plants often show prominent vegetative growth advantages [1,2]
Compared to allotriploid plants, a wider range of osmiophilic granules were observed and the stroma lamella was more seriously damaged in the 25th leaves of diploid plants (Figure 2C), which indicated that the chloroplast aging rate was slower in allotriploids than in diploids
A new molecular regulatory mechanism of vegetative growth advantage in allotriploid plants was discovered in the present study
Summary
Polyploid plants often show prominent vegetative growth advantages [1,2]. These growth advantages include, but are not limited to, larger leaf area and cell size, more vigorous growth, and greater plant size [2,3]. The biomass of triploids can reach 2–3 times that of diploids [6,7] To maintain these growth advantages, polyploids demand more carbohydrates from greater assimilation of photosynthetic carbon [8,9,10,11]. Research on different leaf canopy positions of Populus triploid populations suggested that triploid populations had a larger leaf area, higher chlorophyll content, and higher rates of photosynthesis compared to diploid populations [13]. Leaf canopy positions of two Populus allotriploid populations with different 2n gamete origins, triploid-F and triploid-S, and one diploid population from the same parents were used as the plant material [20]. The molecular mechanism of vegetative growth advantage in allotriploid plants was explored
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