Molecular marking and genetic certification: application in plant breeding, biotechnology and identification of horticultural crops

Abstract

The analysis of contemporary research on molecular marking and genetic certification for use in breeding, biotechnology and identification of horticultural crops is carried out. In Russia and abroad, active work is underway on the identification and certification of garden crops: apple, pear, various types of stone fruit crops, raspberry, strawberry, currant and gooseberry. Currently, the most effective and frequently used are SSR markers. Genetic certificates have been elaborated for many fruit and small fruit crops, which are used in breeding research, works on the study of genetic diversity, in variety diagnosis and diagnosis of pathogens and genealogy analysis. In previous studies using SSR markers, 16 apple varieties, 10 cherry varieties, 29 raspberry varieties and 12 pear varieties of ARHIBAN contemporary breeding were genotyped. The appearance of plant genetic certificates contributed to the development of marker-oriented breeding, making it possible to identify and select genotypes carrying target genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using only DNA analysis data without preliminary phenotypic evaluation. Molecular genetics certificate can serve as a reliable tool to protect the copyright of breeders. In conditions of Russian Federation it is necessary to expand researches of genomic analysis of fruit and small fruit crops, improve and unify the methods of DNA identification and molecular marking techniques, develop common requirements for the level of information content of markers, principles and methods of evaluation of planting material and collections in vitro. The researchers are faced with the task of creating a clear system of molecular-genetic identification and certification of planting material, which will allow to develop and introduce into production varieties with known characteristics, to control plant material at all stages of nursery and commercial distribution of varieties.