Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most harmful viral pathogens that reduce the yield and quality of potatoes. The number of modern varieties resistant to a wide range of PVY strains is very limited, therefore, the selection of potatoes in this direction does not become irrelevant. Molecular markers of the Ry genes are universal tools for identifying new sources of resistance among existing biodiversity of potato genotypes. Since potato varieties and hybrids containing Rysto tend to exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility associated with mitochondrial DNA, the definition of cytoplasmic types is important. In the article, molecular markers of the Ry genes YES3-3A, YES3-3B, RYSC3, Ry186 were used for screening foreign and Russian varieties and hybrids potatoes from the collections of Lorch Potato Research Institute and N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Molecular screening and analysis of рedigree revealed that russian varieties and hybrids of potatoes characterized by extreme resistance to PVY were obtained on the basis of foreign varieties Alwara, Arosa, Bison, Bobr, Roko, as well as backcrosses of the Hungarian selection donors of the Rysto gene linked to cytoplasmic male sterility, and forms 128/6 a donor of the Ryadg gene, derived from S. stoloniferum. The marker RYSC3 coupled to Ryadg was found in interspecies hybrids of N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-5-2005, 135-3-2005, having the same origin with the participation of S. okadae species K-20921 Hawkes et Hjerting and S. chacoense K-19759 Bitt. The marker Ry186 of the gene Rychc is rare. It is present in 5% of the potato genotypes. Molecular screening revealed samples of potatoes with markers of the Ry genes. They are of particular interest for further breeding. Data on the presence of Ry markers of genes in potato varieties and hybrids, serve as valuable information in the selection of initial forms for hybridization.
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