Abstract
Biomarkers with predictive value and, to a lesser extent, prognostic value hold the potential to revolutionize the clinical practice of oncology. During the past 20 years, this has been an active field for basic and translational research in colorectal cancer, but no validated biomarkers have been identified or have become routine tools in clinical practice. The past decade has seen significant developments, with translational research projects being allied to randomized trials and the first fruit being borne with the identification of mismatch repair status, KRAS mutations, and possibly topoisomerase 1 expression as biomarkers with the potential to guide clinical practice.
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