Abstract
Recent developments in DNA-based marker technology have opened up newer avenues for the studies on plant molecular genetics. The new marker systems have enabled researchers to construct genetic maps and to examine directly the genotypes of plant species rather than phenotypes. These markers have also provided means to address problems related to genome structure and evolution, understand the genetic basis of morphological variation, and study the genomic distribution of genes and the pattern of inter- generic/inter-specific gene flow. Genetic maps based on molecular markers have been constructed for a number of plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica species, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, to name a few. The most important and practical application of these maps has been in generating markers linked to both qualitative and quantitative traits of agronomic importance and employing them in marker assisted breeding. The focus of this review is to summarise recent developments in the area of DNA marker technology with special reference to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Brassica coenospecies and highlight its applications in specific areas of plant breeding.
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