Molecular Markers for Phylogenetic Studies and Germplasm Conservation

Abstract

Application of molecular markers in phylogenetic studies has become increasingly important in recent times. Availability of fast DNA sequencing techniques and robust statistical analysis methods provided new momentum to this field. Different nuclear encoded genes (16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, 28S rRNA), mitochondrial encoded genes (cytochrome oxidase, mitochondrial 12S, cytochrome b, control region), and few chloroplast encoded genes (rbcL, matK, rpi16) have been used as molecular markers. This method allows researchers to obtain new evidence concerning their phylogeny and biodiversity. Measurement of genetic diversity is important for development of strategies for effective germplasm management. The DNA-based technologies can overcome all the limitations of traditional methods used for the estimation of genetic diversity. This chapter deals with historical developments of molecular phylogeny, use of molecular markers in phylogeny, and evolution of phylogenetic tree building methods.