Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) techniques development allows elaboration of many assays for identification of bacteria’s resistance mechanisms to antibiotics. Following this idea, the results of molecular level investigation of bacteria’s resistance mechanisms to antibiotics may give many opportunities to find more rapid methods for identifying the genes which are responsible for antibiotic resistance induction. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus bacteria on molecular level. As classes of antibiotics it was used macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B (MLSB) and beta-lactams. In the proposed study the bacterial strains are represented by 50 isolates of Staphylococcus. The bacterial strains were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to identify the nuc, tuf, tst, sea, pathogenic activity genes. After this, the bacteria were tested for ermA, ermB, ermC genes and for mecA, femA which are involved in resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B and to beta-lactams, respectively. The presence or the absence of these genes confirms that tested strains are resistant to specific antibiotic or not. Bacteria pathogenic activity was emphasized by genes as follows: sea (enterotoxin) which was found at all isolates, tst (toxic shock toxin) gene was not detected in any of isolates and tuf gene (elongation factor) was obtained with one pair of primers. Resistance to beta-lactams was evidenced by the presence of mecA in all isolates and femA in some strains. Each of ermC, ermA and ermB, macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B resistance genes, were detected.
Highlights
Due to the attribute of Staphylococcus bacteria of rapidly multiplication, these pathogens can cause a variety of human and animal diseases.The rapid raising of bacterial pathogens which present resistance to antibiotics (Ferry et al, 2009) has prompted the urgent need to find rapid methods of investigating bacterial resistance
The molecular analysis was used in order to detect bacterial species with pathogenic activity determined by nuc, tuf, tst, sea genes following by the detection of genes responsible for resistance to betalactams and macrolide – lincosamide – streptogramin B antibiotics, mecA, femA, ermA, ermB and ermC genes, using the polymerase chain reaction
Sea was detected at all Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (Fig. 2) while tst gene was not detected in any of the tested isolates
Summary
Due to the attribute of Staphylococcus bacteria of rapidly multiplication, these pathogens can cause a variety of human and animal diseases. The rapid raising of bacterial pathogens which present resistance to antibiotics (Ferry et al, 2009) has prompted the urgent need to find rapid methods of investigating bacterial resistance. Molecular methods tend to become the most efficient approaches in identifying bacterial genes responsible for antibiotic resistance induction. Analyses of pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections are involved in comparing the resistance phenotypes of bacterial strains. Received in revised form: 11 May 2017.
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