Molecular Insights into the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Other Cells in the Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies.

Suliman A Alsagaby,Islam M Saadeldin

doi:10.1155/2021/6633386

Suliman A Alsagaby, Islam M Saadeldin

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633386

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Journal: Stem Cells International	Publication Date: Feb 17, 2021
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Majmaah University

Abstract

Hematologic cancer encompasses the heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect different stages of blood cell linages. Despite the significant improvements made in the new modalities of anticancer therapy, many forms of blood cancer remain untreatable, putting the afflicted patients at high risk of death. Therefore, there has been an urgent need for novel therapy to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with blood cancer. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been reported to possess an anticancer activity. This review discusses (i) the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs against blood cancer, (ii) the possibility of using EVs from sources other than MSCs as a mean for blood cancer vaccination and drug delivery, and (iii) areas to be optimized for MSC-EV-based clinical application on blood malignancies.

Highlights

Blood cancer comprises a wide range of tumors that originate from multiple stages of myeloid or lymphoid linages [1]
The authors further studied the mechanism by which the bone morrow (BM)-Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-extracellular vesicles (EVs)) exerted their influence on UCHSCs and reported increased levels of miRs in the EVs whose target genes were downregulated in UCHSCs [75]
One had higher levels of IL10 and TGF beta and lower levels of IFN-γ. These findings highlight three points: (i) BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-exosomes are clinically applicable for the treatment of allo-HSCT-induced steroid-resistant acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), (ii) the desired effect of BM-MSC-exosomes on GVHD was attributed to the ability of the exosomes to suppress the immunoreaction of host towards the graft, and (iii) evaluating the immunosuppression potential of BM-MSCexosomes extracted from multiple donors is justified to select the most potent source for clinical application

Summary

Introduction

Blood cancer comprises a wide range of tumors that originate from multiple stages of myeloid or lymphoid linages [1]. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 137,770 new cases of leukemia and lymphoma are estimated to be recorded in the USA by the end of 2020. The five-year overall survival (5-year OS) of patients with blood cancer remains unsatisfactory; according to SEER, the 5-year OS of patients with leukemia and lymphoma was 63% and 72%, respectively. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising mean for therapy of various diseases, such as cancer, kidney injury, liver fibrosis, traumatic brain injury, acute spinal cord injury, and myocardial infraction [16]. Stem Cells International cancer, (ii) the potential of using EVs from cells other than MSCs for blood cancer vaccination and drug delivery, and (iii) areas to be optimized for MSC-EV-based clinical application on blood malignancies

Extracellular Vesicles

Exosome-Based Vaccine

Findings

Conclusion