Molecular insights into the loading and dynamics of anticancer drugs on silicene and folic acid-conjugated silicene nanosheets: DFT calculation and MD simulation

Abstract

The adsorption behavior of Anastrozole (ANA) and Melphalan (MEL) anticancer drugs on the surface of silicene nanosheet (SNS) and functionalized SNS with folic acid (FA-SNS) is investigated and compared using the density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The DFT calculation is performed at the M06-2X/6–31G** level to characterize the optimized geometry properties of the designed complexes. The calculated adsorption energies are in the range from −65.59 to −144.23 kJ/mol, indicating the drug absorption on the surface of SNS and FA-SNS is exergonic. The π-π interaction between the drugs and SNS surface is the main driving force in the formation of drug-carriers complexes. The quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) results reveal that the interaction of SNS and FA-SNS with both drugs has a non-covalent nature. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis shows that the charge is transferred from the drug molecules to carrier in all of the investigated complexes. Furthermore, MD simulations reveal that the contribution of van der Waals energy in drug-carrier interactions is more than electrostatic energy. Also, the obtained results demonstrate that the movement of drug molecules toward the carriers is spontaneous. Our study provides insights into the drug delivery capability of SNS and FA-SNS for the delivery of two drugs (ANA and MEL). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma