Molecular identification of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of different parts of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis

Zainab Aliyu Alhafiz,Timothy Bulus,Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami,Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim,Ahmed Babangida Suleiman

doi:10.1186/s40816-020-00178-9

Abstract

ObjectiveThe present study investigated the anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis roots, leaves, stem bark, and seed in vitro and bioactive components of the most active plant part.Materials and methodsTrypanosoma brucei brucei was identified by PCR, cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Subsequently, the cultured T. brucei brucei were incubated with 500 μg/ml concentration of different parts of S. occidentalis plant and the most potent fraction was identified and subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).ResultsAmplicons of the rRNA gene of T. brucei brucei detected had a size of 1200 bp. The anti-trypanosomal activities indicated that the root extract of the plant was the most active at 500 μg/ml with inhibitory activity of 88.89% and fractions (2 and 5) the most active with IC50 values of 1.49 and 1.16 μg/ml respectively.ConclusionResults from this study insinuates that phenolic and simple aliphatic compounds might play key role in the anti-trypanosomal activity of S. occidentalis roots.

Highlights

African trypanosomiasis has been estimated to render 50 million people and 48 million cattle at risk leading to low productivity and death [1]
The disease is responsible for major health and economic problems in rural sub-Saharan Africa and caused mainly by an extracellular protozoa belonging to the genus, Trypanosoma with species such as Trypanosoma brucei brucei [2]
Percentage yield and in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of Senna occidentalis The yield and anti-trypanosomal activity of different parts of S. occidentalis extracted with methanol is of the five fractions tested, fractions 2 and 5 demonstrated excellent anti-trypanosomal activity with Half maximal Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.49 and 1.16 μg/ml respectively against T. brucei brucei while fractions 1, 3 and 4 exhibited lower antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 of 5.65,2.83 and 2.72 μg/ ml respectively (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

African trypanosomiasis has been estimated to render 50 million people and 48 million cattle at risk leading to low productivity and death [1]. [7], is a member of the Senna genus and belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a wild flowering plant found in many tropical countries with roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds used in herbal medicine around the world. Extracts of different parts of the plant are known to have antidiabetic [8], analgesic [9], antibacterial [10]), antipyretic [9], antianxiety and antidepressant activities [11]. The plant extract was proven to have effective antimalarial [12,13,14], anti-inflammatory [15] and antioxidant /hepatoprotective activities [16, 17]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion