Abstract
The opportunistic fish pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis has been reported to cause mass mortality in several fish species in different countries. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify E. faecalis from the diseased fishes through molecular techniques; (ii) assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. faecalis isolates; and (iii) control disease in tilapia fish by treatment with medicinal plant extracts. A total of 48 isolates were phenotypically identified as Enterococcus species from tilapia, stinging catfish and walking catfish cultivated in several fish farms in Gazipur. Ten randomly selected isolates were identified as E.faecalis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Artificial infection revealed that most of the isolates caused moderate to high mortality in fishes with characteristic disease symptoms. These isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics in vitro. Bioassay revealed that organic extracts of Tamarindus indica and Emblica officinalis leaves, Allium sativum bulb, and Syzygium aromaticum bud inhibited the growth of E. faecalis. Methanol extracts of A. sativum and methanol and acetone extracts of S. aromaticum significantly reduced the mortality of fish artificially infected with E. faecalis as both preventive and therapeutic agents. This is the first report on molecular identification, and herbal control of fish pathogenic E. faecalis in Bangladesh.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance is a great concern in the management of bacterial diseases worldwide
A total of 48 bacterial strains were isolated from the infected tilapia and catfish
We identified and characterized ten virulent strains of E. faecalis isolated from infected tilapia and catfish collected from local fish farms in Bangladesh
Summary
Antibiotic resistance is a great concern in the management of bacterial diseases worldwide. Enterococcus shows resistance against a wide range of antibiotics[14]. No information is available on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. faecalis isolated from the diseased fish in Bangladesh. Indole concern for management of bacterial diseases, alternative disease management strategies are needed. Extracts of medicinal plants exhibit antibacterial activities against human, plant, and fish pathogens[15]. No study has so far been conducted on management of fish diseases caused by E. faecalis using medicinal plant extracts from Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify E. faecalis from the diseased fishes through molecular techniques; (ii) assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile in isolated fish pathogenic E. faecalis; and (iii) control of disease in O. niloticus fish by treatment with medicinal plant extracts
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