Abstract
<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><span lang="EN-GB">The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Cotylelobium melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">raru’s</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">C. melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Escherichia coli</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> ATCC 35218 and </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Staphylococcus aureus</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sp., </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Trichoderma harzianum</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">, and </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Aspergillus orizae</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">C. melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.</span></p>
Highlights
Resistance to microbes become one of the major problems in the world
This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi on plants raru (C. melanoxylon) producer of an antibacterial agent using test samples on pathogenic bacteria and molecular analysis of DNA sequences generated from ITS rDNA region
Bioactivity assay of endophytic fungi isolates A total of 38 isolates of endophytic fungi collected from bark of raru (C. melanoxylon)
Summary
Resistance to microbes become one of the major problems in the world. It is necessary for research to find the new sources of bioactive compounds that can overcome the bacterial or fungal infection (Devi & Wahab, 2012). Due to the development of resistance in pathogenic microbes, the need for new antibiotic sources has increased rapidly (Devi et al, 2012). Bioactive compounds can be obtained from several sources, including from plants, animals, microbes and marine organisms (Prihatiningtias & Widyastuti, 2006). Plants are an important source of biologically active compounds in natural product research. Many plant species have been used in traditional healing and have been studied for pharmacological properties (Marcellano et al, 2017). Medicinal plants are known to host multiple endophytic fungi and engage in the production of active metabolite compounds (Alvin et al, 2014)
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