Molecular identification of a Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) incorporated in a group of invasive marmosets in the Serra dos Orgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

Abstract

For years, illegal pet trade resulted in the introduction of marmosets from the species Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Among other problems these primates are able to produce fertile hybrids in crosses between themselves and also with its counterpart, the endangered Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (C. aurita) natural of this region. Molecular genetic data has increasingly been used as support for issues related to biodiversity with great contribution to conservation programs, because of its power to elucidate gene flow, introgression, levels of kinship and hybridization. In forensics, this information has the potential to be used for the control of exotic species and curb trafficking of native species. By sequencing using mitochondrial markers Cyt b and CO II, this work shows the molecular characterization of a mixed group of marmosets found between the forest and a urbanized area close to the Serra dos Orgãos National Park in Rio de Janeiro state. The results showed that the group of marmosets here studied is formed by a male individual with phenotype and genotype matching that of the endangered species C. aurita, among others which belong to the invasive species C. penicillata and C. jacchus. This reinforces the importance of studies aimed at elucidating the dynamics of gene flow and the viability of possible hybrids facing the conservation of native species. From the forensics standpoint, the characterization based on molecular markers, ensures a more comprehensive tool for identifying those species fighting illegal trade and preserving the endangered C. aurita.