Abstract
Studying the genetic diversity of parasite is important for understanding their biogeography and molecular epidemiology, as well as for establishing disease prevention and control strategies. Clonorchis sinensis is an important foodborne parasite worldwide. However, despite its epidemiological significance, the genetic diversity of C. sinensis has not been well studied from human in northeastern China. In this study, a total of 342 fecal specimens were collected from residents living in five villages in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed for the presence of C. sinensis by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. 21.64% (74/342) of fecal samples were found to be positive for C. sinensis by PCR. The sequences of the ITS1 region in 34 of the 74 samples (45.95%) matched that of MK179278, Genetic polymorphisms were observed at six nucleotide sites. The ITS2 gene sequence of 37 of the 74 samples (50%) matched that of MK179281. In conclusion, a low degree of genetic diversity between C. sinensis isolates from China and different geographical regions was found at ITS loci. Despite this conservation, sequencing of the rDNA region has provided important data that will be useful for future studies addressing the molecular evolution, biology, medical implications and ecology of C. sinensis.
Highlights
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is an important foodborne zoonotic pathogen
A total of 342 human fecal specimens were examined for C. sinensis by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 genes
C. sinensis was found in all five villages examined, with infection rates ranging from 12.31 to 33.33% (Table 1 and Figure 1)
Summary
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is an important foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Hosts become infected with C. sinensis by ingesting raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing metacercariae. Adults parasitize the peripheral intrahepatic bile ducts. C. sinensis infections cause no obvious clinical symptoms or only mild symptoms (Zhang et al, 2008). High intensity or long-term C. sinensis infections can potentially lead to liver damage such as cholelithiases, cholecystitis and hepatic fibrosis (Choi et al, 2004). C. sinensis is considered a group I carcinogen-metazoan parasite that can potentially induce cholangiocarcinoma (Bouvard et al, 2009)
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