Abstract
Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) is performed by “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera” (M. oxyfera), which connects the carbon and nitrogen global nutrient cycles. In the present study, M. oxyfera-like bacteria sequences were successfully recovered from Yellow River Estuary sediments using specific primers for 16S rRNA and pmoA genes. A M. oxyfera-like sequences analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed greater diversity compared with the pmoA gene; the 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from the Yellow River Estuary sediments belong to groups A as well as B and were mainly found in freshwater habitats. Quantitative PCR showed that 16S rRNA gene abundance varied from 9.28±0.11×103 to 2.10±0.13×105 copies g-1 (dry weight), and the pmoA gene abundance ranged from 8.63±0.50×103 to 1.83±0.18×105 copies g-1 (dry weight). A correlation analysis showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonium (NH4 +) as well as the ratio of total phosphorus to total nitrogen (TP/TN) influenced the M. oxyfera-like bacteria distribution in the Yellow River Estuary sediments. These findings will aid in understanding the n-damo bacterial distribution pattern as well as their correlation with surrounding environmental factors in temperate estuarine ecosystems.
Highlights
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas, and estimates suggest that it is responsible for 20% of global warming; the globe-warming potential caused by methane is 20-fold higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) on a centennial timescale [1,2]
Due to the great slits carrying volume of Yellow River, most of our samples are riverine, the bottom water salinity exhibited extremely high concentration, which contributed to an unique habitat for the n-damo bacteria
A previous study confirmed M. oxyfera-like bacteria in Jiaojiang Estuary sediments [17], and a high level of nitrate suggests that the Yellow River Estuary might be an ideal habitat for ndamo processes
Summary
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas, and estimates suggest that it is responsible for 20% of global warming; the globe-warming potential caused by methane is 20-fold higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) on a centennial timescale [1,2]. The major microbial oxidation processes for methane include aerobic methane oxidation and anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO); further, AMO coupled to sulfate reduction is performed by a combination of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing. N-DMAO Bacteria in Sediments from Yellow River Estuary in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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