Abstract
The aggressive behavior of esophageal cancer leads to a low survival rate for patients with this disease. Isolated esophageal cancer cells seem to have the potential for regrowth and metastasis. To control the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, detailed analysis of various molecular and biological factors should be done in each patient. Recent progress in molecular biology has revealed that oncogenes, suppressor genes, growth factors and their receptors, adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, cytokines, and apoptotic factors are related to the growth and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Among them, several genes have been identified as having a crucial role in establishing the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, and multiple genetic alterations may underlie the metastatic process. Microarray analysis has also revealed several genetic networks that are involved in the metastasis of esophageal cancer. These recent findings regarding the metastasis of esophageal cancer are summarized in the present review.
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