Abstract
BackgroundChemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc. This molecule is believed to represent a critical endocrine signal linking obesity to diabetes. There are no data available regarding evolution of RARRES2 in non-human primates and great apes. Expression profile and orthology in RARRES2 genes are unknown aspects in the biology of this multigene family in primates. Thus; we attempt to describe expression profile and phylogenetic relationship as complementary knowledge in the function of this gene in primates. To do that, we performed A RT-PCR from different tissues obtained during necropsies. Also we tested the hypotheses of positive evolution, purifying selection, and neutrality. And finally a phylogenetic analysis was made between primates RARRES2 protein.ResultsRARRES2 transcripts were present in liver, lung, adipose tissue, ovary, pancreas, heart, hypothalamus and pituitary tissues. Expression in kidney and leukocytes were not detectable in either species. It was determined that the studied genes are orthologous.ConclusionsRARRES2 evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Expression profiles of the RARRES2 gene are similar in baboons and chimpanzees and are also phylogenetically related.
Highlights
Chemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc
RARRES2 mRNA is highly expressed in white adipose tissue, liver and lungs, while the mRNA for chemerine receptor is predominantly expressed in immune cells and adipose tissue [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
Expression profile In the PCR from genomic DNA, a single band of 3,257 bp was visualized for both primates
Summary
Chemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc. This molecule is believed to represent a critical endocrine signal linking obesity to diabetes. Chemerine is a protein that initiates chemotaxis via the ChemR23 - G protein-coupled seven-trans-membrane domain receptor ligand, which has been classified as an adipokine due to its role in adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake [1] It plays a potential role in controlling immune responses at sites of tissue injury and inflammation [2], including chronic inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity [1, 3,4,5]. RARRES2 mRNA is highly expressed in white adipose tissue, liver and lungs, while the mRNA for chemerine receptor is predominantly expressed in immune cells and adipose tissue [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
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