Abstract
The upsurge in worldwide incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the last 5 years has been attributed to the recent appearance of three serotypes with pandemic potential: O3:K6, O4:K68, and O1:K untypeable (KUT). Thirty-five strains of these serotypes, isolated from different countries over 4 years, were characterized by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine their origin. The ribotypes of the strains of these serotypes were indistinguishable, except for a Japanese tdh- negative O3:K6 strain and a U.S. clinical O3:K6 isolate, which had slightly different profiles. The migration patterns of the NotI-digest of the total DNA of the strains were similar, and only slight variations were observed between the serotypes. By contrast, the O3:K6 and O1:KUT strains isolated before 1995 and strains of other serotypes had markedly different profiles. The O4:K68 and O1:KUT strains most likely originated from the pandemic O3:K6 clone.
Highlights
Despite our increasing knowledge of the role of patient race/ethnicity in drug prescribing practice for specific conditions, how or whether these specific effects translate into overall antimicrobial drug use by race/ethnicity remains unclear. We address this gap in knowledge by describing the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in overall antimicrobial drug prescription fill rates in the United States
We found a large disparity in antimicrobial drug fill rates by race/ethnicity: white persons reported making twice as many antimicrobial drug prescription fills as persons who were not white
The survey measures reported antimicrobial drug fills and not actual use [8]; the fill rates we report are substantially lower than those measured by others using sales data [1] or other national surveys [9]
Summary
We aimed to accurately map current and new BU-endemic areas and compare and contrast the changing incidence in these locations, to document disease severity and associate this with diagnostic delay, and to identify times of increased transmission risk. We aimed to clarify year-to-year changes in capsular serotypes, genotypes of penicillin and macrolide resistance, and diversity of sequence types (STs) in all pneumococcal isolates collected throughout Japan during April 2010–March 2017. We aimed to explore the genetic relationships of the 2015 and 2016 isolates from CAR with this reported population structure of NmW/cc. We aimed to estimate the influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalization using the methods recommended by the World Health Organization (5)
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