Molecular Evidence for Mixed Infections of Four Begomoviruses in Common Bean and Yard Long Bean Showing Severe Yellow Symptoms in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) is transmitted by whitefly (Bemesia tabaci) in a persistent manner and causes yellowing disease symptoms with significant losses of leguminous crops in Indonesia. Mixed infection with Begomovirus was detected using a polymerase chain reaction assay using four pairs of specific primers: AC2-F/AC2-R, TYLCV-F/TYLCV-R, TLCV-CPI/TLCV-CPT, and PepYLCV-F/PepYLCV-R, amplifying the targeted DNA fragments of ~504 bp, ~1668 bp, ~700 bp, and ~850 bp, respectively. Samples were collected from different geographic areas in East Java (Kencong and Pujon), which represented the difference in altitudes. Molecular evidence indicated that the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV), and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) co-infected common bean plants showing mosaic symptoms, cupping, leaf malformations, yellowing, and stunting. ToLCV, PepYLCV, and MYMV were found in mixed infections of yard long bean with mosaic and yellowing symptoms. Common bean and yard long bean only infected by ToLCV or PepYLCV showed mosaic symptoms. Symptoms of yellow disease in infected common bean and yard long bean in the Kencong area showed more complexes than those in Pujon.