Abstract
Background:Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a new global molecular typing method used for analyzing the DNA polymorphisms in bacteria. In this study, using MLST, we analyzed the sequence profiles ofStreptococcus (S.) zooepidemicusisolates from the Jeju and Jangsu provinces in South Korea.Objective:This study characterized the molecular epidemiology ofS. zooepidemicusinfection in Thoroughbred horses using MLST with an aim to control and prevent bacterial endometritis in mares.Methods:A total of 79S. zooepidemicusisolates were included in this study. Sequencing of the 7 loci for the MLST analysis was performed as described in the MLST website manual (http://pubmlst.org/szooepidemicus/) with some modifications. For each locus, every unique sequence was assigned a distinct allele number, and each Sequence Type (ST) was defined by a series of 7 integers (the allelic profile) corresponding to the alleles at the 7 loci (arcC,nrdE,proS,spi,tdk,tpi, andyqiL)using the MLST module in the Main Workbench.Results:Among the 79 isolates, 73 different MLST patterns were identified, each corresponding to 1-3 strains. The genetic relationships between the 79 isolates are presented in a dendrogram, and they diverged by up to 11% homology. At 11% homology, three MLST groups, M1, M2, and M3, were identified, and at 26% homology, five subgroups, L1-L5, were observed.We observed various MLST patterns in the strains isolated from Jeju and Jangsu. In addition, by estimating the epidemiological relationships among the strains isolated from Jangsu in 2007 and Jeju in 2009, which had similar MLST patterns, we determined that some strains from Jangsu may have been transported to Jeju.Conclusion:MLST can be used as a framework for determining the epidemiological relationships that form the genetic basis of host and infection site selection.
Highlights
Bacterial infections are a frequent cause of infertility in mares, which is responsible for significant losses in the equineS. zooepidemicus belongs to the β-hemolytic group C streptococci, which can cause disease in animals and humans [4]
By estimating the epidemiological relationships among the strains isolated from Jangsu in 2007 and Jeju in 2009, which had similar Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) patterns, we determined that some strains from Jangsu may have been transported to Jeju
MLST can be used as a framework for determining the epidemiological relationships that form the genetic basis of host and infection site selection
Summary
Bacterial infections are a frequent cause of infertility in mares, which is responsible for significant losses in the equineS. zooepidemicus belongs to the β-hemolytic group C streptococci, which can cause disease in animals and humans [4]. 68 The Open Agriculture Journal, 2019, Volume 13 respiratory tract, and on the genital mucous membrane of healthy horses and cattle It is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in foals and young horses, and it is associated with uterine infections in mares [2]. Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium equi, and fungal infections have been shown to be severe pathogens resulting in difficult recoveries [10, 11]. Eliminating such pathogens from the genital tract is difficult, and the infections have been proven to be difficult to treat in some cases. In this study, using MLST, we analyzed the sequence profiles of Streptococcus (S.) zooepidemicus isolates from the Jeju and Jangsu provinces in South Korea
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