Abstract
BackgroundTransmission within families and multiple spike protein mutations have been associated with the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to: (1) describe full genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and correlate the sequences with epidemiological data within family clusters, and (2) conduct phylogenetic analysis of all samples from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia and other countries.MethodsThe study involved 17 patients with COVID-19, including two family clusters. We determined the full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a dataset of 142 full-genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from different regions.ResultsNinety-four SNPs were detected throughout the open reading frame (ORF) of SARS-CoV-2 samples with 58% (54/94) of the nucleic acid changes resulting in amino acid mutations. About 94% (16/17) of the virus samples showed D614G on spike protein and 56% of these (9/16) showed other various amino acid mutations on this protein, including L5F, V83L, V213A, W258R, Q677H, and N811I. The virus samples from family cluster-1 (n = 3) belong to the same clade GH, in which two were collected from deceased patients, and the other from the survived patient. All samples from this family cluster revealed a combination of spike protein mutations of D614G and V213A. Virus samples from family cluster-2 (n = 3) also belonged to the clade GH and showed other spike protein mutations of L5F alongside the D614G mutation.ConclusionsOur study is the first comprehensive report associating the full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 with the epidemiological data within family clusters. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three viruses from family cluster-1 formed a monophyletic group, whereas viruses from family cluster-2 formed a polyphyletic group indicating there is the possibility of different sources of infection. This study highlights how the same spike protein mutations among members of the same family might show different disease outcomes.
Highlights
Many countries are still struggling to control the COVID19 pandemic, including Indonesia [1, 2]
Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic analysis revealed that thirteen virus samples were situated within clade GH (GISAID classification), while two viruses were grouped with other viruses which belonged to clade GR, and one virus each that belonged to clade O and clade L (Fig. 1)
Molecular analysis Ninety-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected throughout the ORP of the SARS-CoV-2 virus samples with 60% (54/94) of the nucleic acid changes resulting in amino acid substitutions (Table 1, detailed in Additional file 1: Table S1)
Summary
Many countries are still struggling to control the COVID19 pandemic, including Indonesia [1, 2]. Multiple spike protein mutations have been associated with a higher transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 [9]. We aimed to: (1) perform full genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and correlate the sequences with the epidemiological data within family clusters in Indonesia, and (2) conduct phylogenetic analysis of all samples from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia, involving the family clusters, and virus data from other regions in Indonesia. Transmission within families and multiple spike protein mutations have been associated with the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to: (1) describe full genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and correlate the sequences with epidemiological data within family clusters, and (2) conduct phylogenetic analysis of all samples from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia and other countries
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