Abstract
BackgroundThe H1N1pandemic virus is a newly emergent human influenza A virus that is closely related to a number of currently circulating pig viruses in the 'classic North American' and 'Eurasian' swine influenza virus lineages and thus referred as S-OIV. Since the first reports of the virus in humans in April 2009, H1N1 virus has spread to 168 countries and overseas territories. India also witnessed severe H1N1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in different parts starting from May 2009.FindingsThe suspected swine flu outbreak from Gwalior India during October- December 2009 was confirmed through S-OIV HA gene specific RT-LAMP and real time RT-PCR. Positive samples through CDC real time and Lamp assay were further processed for isolation of the virus. Full HA gene sequencing of the H1N1 isolates of Gwalior, India revealed 99% homology with California and other circulating novel swine flu viruses. Three major changes were observed at nucleotide level, while two major amino acid shifts were observed at the position C9W and I30M corresponding to the ORF with prototype strain. The HA gene sequence phylogeny revealed the circulation of two genetically distinct lineages belonging to Clade VII and Clade I of S-OIV.ConclusionsOur findings also supported the earlier report about circulation of mixed genogroups of S-OIV in India. Therefore continuous monitoring of the genetic makeup of this newly emergent virus is essential to understand its evolution within the country.
Highlights
The H1N1pandemic virus is a newly emergent human influenza A virus that is closely related to a number of currently circulating pig viruses in the ‘classic North American’ and ‘Eurasian’ swine influenza virus lineages and referred as S-OIV
Our findings supported the earlier report about circulation of mixed genogroups of S-OIV in India
RNA was extracted from 140 μl of sample using QIAmp viral RNA minikit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s specification. All these samples were investigated by WHO approved CDC recommended real time RTPCR assay in 25 μl reaction scale using a panel of oligonucleotide primers and dual labeled hydrolysis probe employing ABI One-step RT-PCR kit (8)
Summary
The H1N1pandemic virus is a newly emergent human influenza A virus that is closely related to a number of currently circulating pig viruses in the ‘classic North American’ and ‘Eurasian’ swine influenza virus lineages and referred as S-OIV. India witnessed severe H1N1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in different parts starting from May 2009
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