Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil before the whole genome sequencing era: a literature review.

Marília Lima Da Conceição,Regina Bones Barcellos,Maria Cristina Da Silva Lourenço ,Rafael Silva Duarte ,María Carolina Sisco ,Valdes Roberto Bollela,Lívia Maria Pala Anselmo,Emilyn Costa Conceição,Lucilaine Ferrazoli,Ismari Perini Furlaneto,Guislaine Refrégier,Harrison Magdinier Gomes,Richard Steiner Salvato,Arthur Emil Dos Santos Guimarães,Ricardo José De Paula Souza E Guimarães,Abhinav Sharma,Karen Machado Gomes,Karla Valéria Batista Lima,Alexsandro Dos Santos Brito ,Philip Noël Suffys ,Marcos Catanho,Cristina Viana Niero

doi:10.1590/0074-02760200517

Abstract

Molecular-typing can help in unraveling epidemiological scenarios and improvement for disease control strategies. A literature review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Brazil through genotyping on 56 studies published from 1996-2019 was performed. The clustering rate for mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) of 1,613 isolates were: 73%, 33% and 28% based on 12, 15 and 24-loci, respectively; while for RFLP-IS6110 were: 84% among prison population in Rio de Janeiro, 69% among multidrug-resistant isolates in Rio Grande do Sul, and 56.2% in general population in São Paulo. These findings could improve tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and set up a solid basis to build a database of Mycobacterium genomes.

Highlights

IntroductionThe three pillars of the End TB Strategy are: (i) integrated, patient-centered TB care and prevention, bold policies, and supportive systems (including universal health coverage, social protection, and action on determinants), (ii) intensified research and (iii) innovation
The three pillars of the End TB Strategy are: (i) integrated, patient-centered TB care and prevention, bold policies, and supportive systems, (ii) intensified research and (iii) innovation
These spheres are composed of the Ministry of Health, the State Health Secretariats and the Municipal Health Secretariats, each having their respective technical and administrative sectors.[13]. The National System of Public Health Laboratories (Sistema Nacional de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública SISLAB) consists of a national network of laboratories, organised in sub-networks in a hierarchical way and with different degrees of complexities of activities related to health surveillance

Summary

Introduction

The three pillars of the End TB Strategy are: (i) integrated, patient-centered TB care and prevention, bold policies, and supportive systems (including universal health coverage, social protection, and action on determinants), (ii) intensified research and (iii) innovation To face this scenario, the main strategy includes milestones (for 2020 and 2025) and quantitative targets (for 2030 and 2035) for three high-level indicators: incidence and mortality rates, as well as the percentage of TB patients and their households.[3,6]. Spacer-oligonucleotide-typing (spoligotyping), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and the insertion sequence 6110 - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-IS6110) are among the most used genotyping methods for M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains Due to their different resolving power, only the latter two are used to evaluate TB transmission and perform detailed molecular epidemiology

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Conclusion