Abstract
Mumps cases continue to occur, also in countries with a relatively high vaccination rate. The last major outbreaks of mumps in the Netherlands were in 2009–2012 and thereafter, only small clusters and single cases were reported. Molecular epidemiology can provide insights in the circulation of mumps viruses. The aims of the present study were to analyze the molecular epidemiology of mumps viruses in the Netherlands in 2017–2019 and to compare the phylogenetic trees built from sequence data of near complete mumps virus genomes or from the SH gene and non-coding regions (SH+NCRs). To this end, Sanger sequence data from SH+NCRs were analyzed from 82 mumps genotype G viruses. In addition, near complete genomes were obtained from 10 mumps virus isolates using next-generation sequencing. Analysis of SH+NCRs sequences of mumps genotype G viruses revealed the presence of two major genetic lineages in the Netherlands, which was confirmed by analysis of near complete genomes. Comparison of phylogenetic trees built with SH+NCRs or near complete genomes indicated that the topology was similar, while somewhat longer branches were present in the phylogenetic tree with near complete genomes. These results confirm that analysis of SH + NCRs sequence data is a useful approach for molecular surveillance. Furthermore, data from recent mumps genotype G viruses might indicate (intermittent) circulation of mumps genotype G viruses in the Netherlands in 2017–2019.
Highlights
Mumps viruses are single stranded negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to the genus Orthorubulavirus of the family of Paramyxoviridae
The aims of the present study were to analyze the molecular epidemiology of mumps viruses in the Netherlands in 2017–2019 and to compare phylogenetic trees built using near complete genomes with SH gene and non-coding regions (SH+non-coding regions (NCRs))
We investigated all typable specimens generated from isolated viruses of molecular confirmed mumps cases in the Netherlands from 2017 to 2019
Summary
Mumps viruses are single stranded negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to the genus Orthorubulavirus of the family of Paramyxoviridae. Infection of humans with mumps virus results in acute illness which is usually characterized by a temporary unilateral or bilateral parotitis. In 1987, vaccination against mumps virus was implemented in the National Immunization Program in the Netherlands. This resulted in a rapid decline of mumps cases, in recent years multiple outbreaks occurred mainly among vaccinated young adults [4, 5]. The last major outbreaks of mumps in the Netherlands were in 2009–2012 [5].
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