Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV), which causes hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, has 3 antigenic variants: types 2a, 2b, and 2c. Molecular method assessment of the distribution of the CPV variants in Europe showed that the new variant CPV-2c is widespread in Europe and that the viruses are distributed in different countries.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a small, nonenveloped DNA virus that emerged suddenly in 1978 as an enteric pathogen of dogs
Despite its DNA genome, CPV possesses a high genetic substitution rate, similar to that observed for RNA viruses, which is responsible for continuous antigenic evolution and rapid displacement of old types by new antigenic variants [13]
CPV-2c, which emerged in Italy in 2000 [2], is spreading with high efficiency in the dog population of Italy and progressively replacing the antigenic variants 2a and 2b [3,4,5]
Summary
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a small, nonenveloped DNA virus that emerged suddenly in 1978 as an enteric pathogen of dogs. A third CPV variant, first named Glu-426 mutant and subsequently renamed CPV-2c, was detected in Italy in 2000 [2] and is circulating in that country together with types 2a and 2b [3,4,5]. The Study A total of 232 fecal samples or CPV isolates were obtained from dogs with diarrhea in Italy (n = 107), Germany (n = 37), the United Kingdom (n = 41), Portugal (n = 31), Belgium (n = 13), Spain (n = 1), Switzerland (n = 1), and the Czech Republic (n = 1). Whether the Glu-426 mutation confers benefit in receptor-binding activity is of interest Another question is whether the CPV vaccines currently used provide full protection against the new variant or whether they should be replaced by homologous vaccines
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