Molecular engineering of the core part of D–π–A–π–D based small acceptor molecules for efficient organic solar cells: a DFT approach

Abstract

In this study, we have designed five new conjugated acceptors of donor–π–acceptor–π–donor (D–π–A–π–D) type, utilizing quinacridone as the donor and thiophene as the π-bridging component and incorporating five distinct central acceptor units.