Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently enjoying considerable attention as the subject of experimental research to treat resistant cancers. The preferential accumulation of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) in different cellular organelles that causes oxidative damage by combining light and molecular oxygen leads to selective cell killing. However, one major setback, common among other treatment approaches, is tumor relapse and the development of resistance causing treatment failure. PDT-mediated resistance could result from increased drug efflux and decreased localization of PS, reduced light exposure, increased DNA damage repair, and altered expression of survival genes. This review highlights the essential insights of PDT reports in which PDT resistance was observed and which identified some of the molecular effectors that facilitate the development of PDT resistance. We also discuss different perceptions of PDT and how its current limitations can be overturned to design improved cancer resistant treatments.
Highlights
Photodynamic Therapy-MediatedThe use of sunlight exposure to treat various diseases such as skin diseases, diabetic ulcers, and epithelioma has been traced back to 3000 B.C. [1,2]
This review provides an overview of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) modality and molecular effectors that influence its treatment resistance
To answer this study found a high apoptosis incidence characterized by DNA fragmentation in parental question and avoid the controversial analysis of the real role of autophagy, one must take into consideration the complexity of cells, unlike in the transfected Bcl-2 cells post- PDT [47]
Summary
The use of sunlight exposure to treat various diseases such as skin diseases, diabetic ulcers, and epithelioma has been traced back to 3000 B.C. [1,2]. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that involves using light and a photoactive compound in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce a reactive oxygen species that damages cancer cells. PDT treatment modality requires the combined action of PS, light in red or nearinfrared regions, and molecular oxygen to elicit cancer cell death. Cell death by necrosis is extensive damage of cell components at PS site of action that results in leakage of intracellular material that can cause inflammation This process usually occurs when PS localizes in the plasma membrane and PDT with higher doses of light and PS [18]. Mechanisms of autophagic response that triggered PDT resistance will be discussed below
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
