Abstract
Viruses are one of the main reasons that cause healthy cells to proliferate and become cancerous. Several viruses have been identified as causative factors for various forms of cancer. Tumor occurrence can be caused by viral oncoprotein activity, persistent infection or inflammation. The molecular process is still complicated to be understood. In recent decades, Homo sapiens cell microRNA (hsa-miRNA) has been discovered by small non-coding RNAs that affect post-transcriptional gene expression. hsa-miRNA is a key control factor for several key biological processes and has a much greater impact on the target gene group. even though they occupy a small part of the genome, they play a great role in the development of cancer. Several viruses produce this tiny RNA, which can regulate their gene expression or affect the host's gene expression. A new hypothesis is that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first cancer causing virus that is found to produce microRNAs (v-miRNAs). In addition, evidence shows that miRNA encoded by EBV contributes to the occurrence and progression of EBV-related malignancies. Generally, these compounds reduce messenger RNA (mRNA) instability, such as genes that regulate tumorigenesis mechanisms like inflammation, cell cycle control, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and immune pathways. Therefore, EBV-miRNAs are important in the complex interaction between host, virus and EBV tumorigenesis. In terms of malignant tumors, the combinatorial process behind EBV-miRNA still needs further study. In this article, we will introduce EBV-miRNA, including the cellular processes affected by the virus, and their ability to promote cancer.
Highlights
Nowadays, scientific data support the hypothesis that viruses have a place in human malignancies (Gallo et al 2020)
The implementation process involves deregulation of cellular oncogene expression/tumor suppressor genes influenced by viral genome incorporation in the host genome, or the expression of cancer causing virus (e.g herpesvirus) induce damage to DNA and host cells by inhibiting the basic mechanisms of genome constancy and cell cycle
Viruses that are Categorized as oncogenic viruses, include Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human herpesvirus 8 or polyomavirus, and trans-regulatory retroviruses, such as (HIV or HTLV-1) (Vojtechova and Tachezy, 2018)
Summary
Scientific data support the hypothesis that viruses have a place in human malignancies (Gallo et al 2020). The implementation process involves deregulation of cellular oncogene expression/tumor suppressor genes influenced by viral genome incorporation in the host genome (examples of retroviruses are: human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus ), or the expression of cancer causing virus (e.g herpesvirus) induce damage to DNA and host cells by inhibiting the basic mechanisms of genome constancy and cell cycle. Several short forms of RNA that affect several biological processes in cells have just been discovered One of these includes miRNAs (Louten et al 2015), about 19 to 25 bases in length, which has an essential role in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression (Palmero et al 2011 and Tan et al 2018). Much of the research on v-miRNAs, in carcinogenesis, has focused on v-miRNAs in the EpsteinBarr virus, the herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, and the human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (Židovec Lepej et al 2020)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
