Abstract
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is considered to be a risk factor for the development of invasive breast carcinoma, but it may also be a non-obligate precursor to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Many LCIS lesions do not progress to ILC, and the molecular changes that are necessary for progression from LCIS to ILC are poorly understood. Disruption in the E-cadherin complex is the hallmark of lobular lesions, but other signaling molecules, such as PIK3CA and c-src, are consistently altered in LCIS. This review focuses on the molecular drivers of lobular carcinoma, a more complete understanding of which may give perspective on which LCIS lesions progress, and which will not, thus having immense clinical implications.
Highlights
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has long been considered a risk factor for the future development, in either breast, of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), but recent evidence suggests that LCIS may be a non-obligate precursor to IBC, and to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)
In a recent subgroup analysis of participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study, the cumulative probability of subsequent breast cancer occurrence 5 years after diagnosis was lower for LCIS, compared with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (5.7 % versus 11.4 %, respectively); by 20 years after the diagnosis of LCIS or DCIS, rates of IBC were equivalent (21.3 % and 19 %, respectively) [5]
Preliminary data in this study suggest that this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may influence levels and/or activity of JHDM1D, or SLC37A3, proteins with histone demethylase and sugar-phosphate exchanger functions, respectively
Summary
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has long been considered a risk factor for the future development, in either breast, of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), but recent evidence suggests that LCIS may be a non-obligate precursor to IBC, and to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).LCIS is rarely detected by physical examination, nor does it have specific diagnostic mammographic findings [1]. Patients diagnosed with LCIS have an 8- to 10-fold increased lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, compared with women without this diagnosis [3].
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