Abstract
Coumarins and essential oils are the major components of the Apiaceae family and the Zosima genus. The present study reports anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts and essential oils from aerial parts, roots, flowers, fruits and coumarins—bergapten (1); imperatorin (2), pimpinellin (3) and umbelliferone (4)—isolated of the roots from Zosima absinthifolia. The investigation by light and scanning electron microscopy of the structures of secretory canals found different chemical compositions in the various types of secretory canals which present in the aerial parts, fruits and flowers. The canals, present in the aerial parts, are characterized by terpene hydrocarbons, while the secretory canals of roots, flowers and fruits include esters. Novel data of a comparative study on essential oils constituents of aerial parts, roots, flowers and fruits of Z. absinthfolia has been presented. The roots and fruits extract showed a high content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the main components of the aerial parts, roots, flowers and fruits extracts were octanol (8.8%), octyl octanoate (7.6%), octyl acetate (7.3%); trans-pinocarvyl acetate (26.7%), β-pinene (8.9%); octyl acetate (19.9%), trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (4.6%); octyl acetate (81.6%), and (Z)-4-octenyl acetate (5.1%). The dichloromethane fraction of fruit and flower essential oil was characterized by the highest phenolics level and antioxidant activity. The dichloromethane fraction of fruit had the best inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (82.27 ± 1.97%) which was higher then acetylcholinesterase inhibition (61.09 ± 4.46%) of umbelliferone. This study shows that the flowers and fruit of Z. absinthifolia can be a new potential resource of natural antioxidant and anticholinesterase compounds.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most widespread reason for dementia
The CH33OH extracts of aerial parts, roots, flowers and fruits of Zosima absinthifolia were fractionated with the use of different solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol), fractionated with the use of different solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol), to give the respective fractions and the individual coumarins bergapten (1), imperatorin (2), pimpinellin to give the respective fractions and the individual coumarins bergapten (1), imperatorin (2), (3) and umbelliferone (4) isolated from roots which were assayed for antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase pimpinellin (3) and umbelliferone (4) isolated from roots which were assayed for antioxidant, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities
The active dichloromethane fraction of root was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most widespread reason for dementia. The characteristical symptoms of dementia are troubles with memory, language, problem-solution and other cognitive abilities that influence a person’s ability to make daily activities. These troubles happen because nerve cells in parts of the brain involved in cognitive function have been ruined. In AD, neurons in other parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed as well, including those that permit a person to perform basic bodily functions such as walking and swallowing. People in the final stages of the disease are bed-bound and require around-the-clock care. AD is eventually fatal [1]. Many factors such as age are risk factors in AD. With reference to the World Health Organization data, AD, which affects about 47 million people worldwide, is the most pervasive form of dementia (60–80% of all cases) [3] with a proximate worldwide cost of
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