Abstract
The ethanolic extract from seed kernels of Thai mango (MSKE) (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Fahlun’) (Anacardiaceae) and its major phenolic principle (pentagalloyl glucopyranose) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects on enzymatic activities of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), hyaluronidase and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) of Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR) and Naja naja kaouthia (NK) venoms by in vitro tests. The anti-hemorrhagic and anti-dermonecrotic activities of MSKE against both venoms were clearly supported by in vivo tests. Molecular docking studies indicated that the phenolic molecules of the MSKE could selectively bind to the active sites or their proximity, or modify conserved residues that are critical for the catalysis of PLA2, and selectively bind to the LAAO binding pocket of both CR and NK venoms and thereby inhibit their enzymatic activities. The results imply a potential use of MSKE against snake venoms.
Highlights
Venomous snakebite is an important public health problem in remote areas of Thailand since the economic activities in these areas are mainly agricultural
Of these results implied that the inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) of both venoms by mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) may result in the prevention of red blood cell rupture
This study shows a beneficial relationship between the in vitro anti-enzymatic activities and in vivo anti-hemorrhagic and anti-dermonecrotic activities of MSKE and its isolated principles against Calloselasma rhodostoma Kuhl (CR) and naja kaouthia Lesson (NK) venoms
Summary
Venomous snakebite is an important public health problem in remote areas of Thailand since the economic activities in these areas are mainly agricultural. Among the many venomous snakes in Thailand, CR and NK venoms cause the most severe necrosis on the bite local tissue. Snake venoms are complex mixtures comprised mainly of proteins and peptides possessing a variety of biological activities. Venom proteins have many diverse enzymatic activities [3]. Enzymes with hydrolytic activity such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), hyaluronidase and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are found in most snake venoms and are deeply involved in snake envenomation by inducing local effects such as severe inflammatory reactions, hemorrhage and necrosis of local tissues [4]
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