Abstract
In the present study, molecular diversity among the Indian vetiver germplasm collection was assessed using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total of 131 accessions of vetiver germplasm were collected from northern and southern parts of India (Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand and Delhi). Out of 140 RAPD and 60 ISSR primers initially screened, 18 RAPD primers and 10 ISSR primers that produced a clear and reproducible band were chosen for further study. A total of 82 bands were amplified with 18 selected RAPD polymorphic primers (4.5 bands per primer), of which 73 (89.02%) were polymorphic with an average of 4.05 band per primer ranging between 3 (OPH-18, OPI-14 and OPZ-11) to 7 (OPI-18). ISSR primers amplified a total of 54 scorable fragments (5.4 bands per primer) ranging between 4 (UBC-811, UBC-826, UBC-864 and UBC-881) to 8 (UBC-816) fragments. Forty-six fragments (85.18%) with an average of 4.6 per primer were polymorphic. The Mantel matrix correlation value (r)=0.83 (between RAPD and ISSR) suggests a good correlation between the two marker systems. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 3% diversity was attributed to differences among regions, 1% at the level of populations and 96% contributed by the individuals in the populations. The highest diversity at individual level has been due to clonal method of propagation used to maintain the germplasm. Further, transferability of the rice SSR markers in vetiveria was also studied. A set of 120 hypervariable simple sequence repeat (HvSSR) markers of rice were attempted for the transferability study. 36 HvSSR markers (30%) were found successful in cross-genera transferability. All these markers were optimized and tried in a set of 35 Vetiveria accessions for polymorphism study. The size and number of the alleles amplified by these markers in vetiveria varied from that of the rice species. The RAPD and ISSR markers may be utilized for characterization of large collection of vetiver germplasm. The SSR markers which have been amplified successfully in vetiver can be potentially utilized for locus specific characterization and for genetic improvement using molecular breeding methods.
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