Abstract
ABSTRACT Enteric diseases affect poultry and cause important economic losses in many countries worldwide. Avian parvovirus has been linked to enteric conditions, such as malabsorption and runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), characterized by diarrhoea, and reduced weight gain and growth retardation. In 2013 and 2016, 79 samples were collected from different organs of chickens in Ecuador that exhibited signs of diarrhea and stunting syndrome, and analysed for the presence of chicken parvovirus (ChPV). The detection method of ChPV applied was Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using primers designed from the conserved region of the viral genome that encodes the non-structural protein NS1. Out of the 79 samples, 50.6% (40/79) were positive for ChPV, and their nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analysed to determine their phylogenetic relationship with the sequences reported in the United States, Canada, China, South Korea, Croatia, Poland, Hungary, and Brazil. Strong similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among all analyzed sequences and between the analysed and reference sequences was demonstrated, and the phylogenetic analysis clustered all the sequences within the same group, demonstrating a strong relation between the studied strains and the reference chicken parvovirus strains.
Highlights
The intestinal health of birds is related to animal welfare and the productive capacity of animals
The primary aetiology of Runting-Stunting Syndrome (RSS) or malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in chickens is still unknown, several viruses have been identified in birds with RSS, and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) being found in many of these disorders (Goodwin et al, 1993; PantinJackwood et al, 2008; Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012; Devaney et al, 2016)
ChPV has a worldwide distribution, and it has been associated with enteric diseases in many other countries (Kisary et al, 1984; Decaesstecker et al, 1986; Goodwin et al, 1990; Zsak et al, 2008,2009;Bidin et al, 2011; Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012;Tarasiuk et al, 2012;Nuñez et al, 2016)
Summary
The intestinal health of birds is related to animal welfare and the productive capacity of animals. Enteric problems cause economic losses around the world, especially in young chickens, due to the costs of therapeutic treatments, decreased productivity and even increased morbidity and mortality. Viral diseases are characterized by the presence of diarrhoea, decreased weight gain, and increased feed conversion (Goodwin et al, 1993; Otto et al, 2006; Pantin-Jackwood et al, 2008; Kang et al, 2012). Several viruses are associated with enteric problems in chickens, such as avian coronavirus (IBV), avian reovirus (AReo), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian rotavirus-A (ARTv-A), fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV), and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) (Guy, 1998; Zsak et al, 2008; Nuñez & Ferreira, 2013), but there is limited information on the effects of individual viruses and their interactions on gut health (Pantin-Jackwood et al 2008; Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012; Mettifogo et al, 2014).
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