Molecular diagnosis and genetic relationship of foot and mouth disease virus serotype Asia1/Basne/Sul/2015

Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz,Hawre Kamel Faraj,Salih Hama

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2019.125519.1041

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most economically important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. From April to May of 2015, tongue epithelial tissue samples were collected from 36 cattle in six villages, which share the border with Iran. Samples were screened using RT-PCR to amplify a conserved region in the VP1 gene, and phylogenetic tree analysis was performed based on the VP1 nucleotide sequence results. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence was converted to an amino acid sequence in order to detect similarities between the studied samples and those previously published in GenBank (NCBI). Epidemically, based on the amino acid residues, genetic similarity, and amino acid substitutions, the VP1 nucleotide sequences were determined to be close to a novel group, group VII, with 94% identity. The VP1 amino acid sequence analysis revealed a close relationship to the Asia/BAL/PAK/iso-2/2011 isolate (Accession no. JX435109), with 95.7% identity, which is not significantly different. Analysis of the studied samples revealed that the FMDV serotype Asia1 causing the outbreak in the Basne district belonged to group VII, which was introduced from the Balochistan province of Pakistan through illegal movement of animals from this region.

Highlights

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious transboundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed domestic animals [1]
The 5ʹ untranslated region (5ʹ UTR) is approximately 1300 nucleotides long and consists of a 360-bp S fragment at its 5ʹ end; a 150 to 250-bp poly(c) tract; a series of RNA pseudoknot structures; a cis-acting replication element (CRE), which is 55 nucleotides and contains a conserved motif (AAACA); and a 450-bp internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which is responsible for cap-independent initiation of viral protein synthesis [4]
The collected samples were tested by RT-PCR, which was performed in two steps

Summary

Introduction

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious transboundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed domestic animals [1]. The virus is non-enveloped and contains a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, approximately 8.3 kilobases in length. The genome has three components, including the 5ʹ untranslated region (5ʹ UTR), a long open reading frame (ORF), which is the coding region, and the 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ UTR). The 5ʹ UTR is approximately 1300 nucleotides long and consists of a 360-bp S fragment at its 5ʹ end; a 150 to 250-bp poly(c) tract; a series of RNA pseudoknot structures; a cis-acting replication element (CRE), which is 55 nucleotides and contains a conserved motif (AAACA); and a 450-bp internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which is responsible for cap-independent initiation of viral protein synthesis [4]. The virus contains a single, long ORF encoding a polyprotein, which may generate precursors useful during the polyprotein processing. A series of precursor cleavages produces more than 14 mature proteins including the nonstructural proteins L, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B1, 3B2, 3B3, 3C, and 3D and the structural proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4

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Results

Conclusion